PU11-240.jpg' alt='Columbia 400 Maintenance Manual' title='Columbia 400 Maintenance Manual' />Roadsalt and Winter Maintenance for British Columbia Municipalities. Water Quality. Roadsalt. Winter Maintenance for British Columbia Municipalities. Best. Management Practices to Protect Water Quality. December. 1. 99. 8Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Warrington, P. D. Patrick Douglas, 1. Roadsalt. and Winter Maintenance for British Columbia Municipalities Includes bibliographical references p. Buy Generac 6378 Direct. TaxFree. Check the Generac 6378 30Amp 120240V 10Circuit Indoor Manual Transfer Switch ratings before checking out. This document gives a chronology of computing at Columbia University, as best I can piece it together, written mainly in JanFeb 2001, updated periodically since then. BC Gazette. The British Columbia Gazette is produced by the Queens Printer under the authority of the Queens Printer Act. The British Columbia Gazette consists. ISBN 0 7. 72. 6 3. Roads Snow and ice control Environmental. British Columbia. Water salination British Columbia. Prevention. 3. Salt Environmental aspects British Columbia. I. Phelan, Conan. II. British Columbia. Water Quality Section. III. Title. TD8. 70. W3. 7 1. 99. 8 6. C9. 8 9. 60. 29. When this. Over time some of these web pages have been removed. For such. sites we have removed the now non functional hotlink but left. DEAD LINK. This allows us to give credit to the original source of the. TABLE OF. CONTENTSReturn to the Table of Contents. List of Tables Table. Roadsalt Application Rates. Table. 2. Contaminants. Snow Removed from Toronto Roads Table 3. Contaminants in Melted Snow Removed from Trail, British. Columbia Roads. Glossary. Terms Anti icing The. Mechanical snow and. Best. Management Practices BMPs A practical. Brine A concentrated. Usually applied to a saturated. De icing The. application of a chemical freezing point depressant to. NPS. Non point Source Pollution This. Pre wetting The. Roadsalt The. Spalling This. is the process where the surface of concrete flakes off. Winter. Maintenance Public. Return. to the Table of Contents. Preface. This document. NPS pollution. problems in British Columbia by proposing BMPs to eliminate. It provides guidance and information. BMPs that minimize the impact of roadsalt on roadside vegetation. Best Management Practices to help. Non Point Source Pollution problems in British. Columbia. Public safety is the first priority and must not be sacrificed. However. the cumulative effect on public safety over the lifetimes. This document recommends cost effective. It is intended. for public works departments and local environment committees. The intention. is to supplement, not replace, the current British Columbia. Ministry of Transportation and Highways accepted practices. BC. MOTH, 1. 99. 5. Refer to this manual, which may already be used. Return to the Table of Contents. Summary. This document. British Columbia municipalities can use. These include a. reduction in salt use by following application guidelines. Pre wetting. the salt or sandsalt mixture can make it more effective thus. Advanced equipment. Anti icing techniques and materials can also be used. There are. alternatives to roadsalt which are more effective and less. However, the total cost to. One can also use alternative winter maintenance. Changes in driver behaviour and expectations would. Changing snow dumping practices. Carry On Torrent. Eliminating some contaminants in roadsalt would reduce the. There is a list of roadsalt and winter maintenance websites in. Section 5. 1. Return to the Table of Contents. Introduction In British. Columbia, each municipality determines its own winter road. This. BMP document attempts to provide guidance to BC communities. Because road safety remains the top priority. This. document also provides technical information, resources and. Case studies. elsewhere demonstrate that levels of service need not suffer. Following these selected BMPs, local governments. There are already many municipalities in British. Columbia that have advanced winter maintenance programs and. They. are an excellent resource for other communities that are. BC are susceptible to water quality degradation as a result of roadsalt. Winter maintenance. BC residents. The goal is fewer accidents and. There are a variety of tools. Since the. early 1. North. America 1. USA in 1. 99. 6 to de ice roads for the purpose of providing. Over time, the use. British. Columbia increased rapidly. There was about a 4. Bedford, 1. 99. 2. In the 1. 97. 0s. Damage due to roadsalt on roadside vegetation. Environment. Canada evaluated the toxicity of various sources of stormwater. This was due to the quick contaminant release during. CWWA,1. 99. 9. In parts. Canada and the United States, ground water has been contaminated. The transfer. of roadsalt and other de icers from delivery trucks to the storage. Ground water in Heffley Creek, BC just north of. Kamloops was contaminated in 1. Salt and sand was stored. The incident demonstrated that communities in BC are. Generally, the spillage which may occur while transferring the. This spillage must be cleaned up immediately to prevent. The initial cost of roadsalt is low compared to most alternative. The USEPA reports that the actual annual cost of. This is due to damage to roads. This cost must be weighed against the cost. A further cost. to consider is legal suits arising from injuries occurring. Return to the Table of Contents. Background 2. 1. Roadsalt What Is It Conventional. Na. Cl. Because of this, it is rarely viewed as potentially. In reality, roadsalt can be very damaging. Roadsalt can have serious impacts on water. BMPs have evolved to protect water resources. In addition, a number of other chemicals are often added to. Environment Canada has. Priority. Assessment List of potential toxic substances under the Canadian. Environmental Protection Act. Roadsalt is typically mined as the ore halite and transported. Roadsalt acts by lowering the freezing point. Na. Cl is effective down to about 7 Celsius and. Ca. Cl. 2 will still work several degrees lower but Ca. Cl. 2 costs more. When the salt crystals are dissolved by moisture, the brine formed. However, the effects of the. Return to the Table of Contents. Impacts on Water Quality and the Environment. The sodium. chloride brine and solids enter the surrounding environment. Negative impacts can include. This. document is concerned principally with the impact of roadsalt. However. if less roadsalt is used the effects on soils, vegetation and. Recent studies. in southern Ontario showed that only about 4. Considering the past and present rate of roadsalt. Ontario, ground water will soon be contaminated. Since there. is a lag period before the salt shows up in ground water. The accepted. chloride level in drinking water is around 2. L as set. by the USEPA and the Ontario Ministry of Environment. Pore waters from the unsaturated zone adjacent to Metropolitan. Toronto Highways had measured chloride levels of 1. L. in 1. 98. 7 Pilon and Howard, 1. Mass balance. and steady state calculations, based on current application. Ontario and measured loss rates, indicate. L and sodium 2. 50 mgL Howard. Ultimately the salt will start to show up in. Great Lakes Howard et al, 1. Toronto 1. 99. 5. There. are no similar studies available for British Columbia. Sodium is highly soluble and a proportion. Sodium ions. may bind to soil particles in roadside soils causing other. This exchange typically causes harmful. High concentrations. High. concentrations of sodium in the human diet. However, water would become unpalatable to. Sodium may also alter the p. H of the surface water Na ion exchange. H ions from the soil thereby making the water more. Changes in p. H have been known to greatly exaggerate the. Chloride is prone to migrate through soils and accumulate in.